Residues Decomposition in Crop Rotations under No-till System

Abstract The effectiveness soil cover in no-till is relating to quantity and quality of the phytomass produced by crops in rotation and, its persistence over the soil depends on residues decomposition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytomass production, decomposition rate and the half-life of crops in rotation at the Subtropical region, Brazil. The study was carried out at the Agronomic Institute of the Paraná (IAPAR), in Ponta Grossa, Parana State, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with six treatments and four replicates. Winter cash crops and cover crops, single and in consortium, were evaluated in the year 2014 (wheat, black oats + hairy vetch + rye, black oats + ryegrass and black oats + blue lupine), in 2015 (canola, black oats, and black oats + hairy vetch + forage turnip) and in 2016 (barley, triticale, and triticale + black oats + rye). The phytomass was evaluating by collect three subsamples of 0.25 m2 per plot. For decomposition rate and the half-life of the crop residues, litter bags (LBs) methodology was used. A mathematical model (Q=Q0exp-kt) was used to represent the crop residues decomposition and the half-life of crop residues were obtained by the equation t1/2 = (ln2)/k. Poaceae consortia, single Poaceae and canola presented higher phytomass production when compared to Poaceae-Fabaceae consortia. The half-life for Poaceae-Fabaceae corsortia was shorter than single Poaceae.

Influência da estabilização segmentar core na dor e funcionalidade da coluna lombar / Influence of segmental core stabilization in pain and spinal lumbar functionality

Atualmente a dor lombar descreve-se como uma dor limitante que resulta em incapacidade funcional. Dentre as técnicas de intervenção terapêutica, destaca-se o fortalecimento segmentar do core. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar o efeito do fortalecimento do core na dor e na função da coluna lombar. Trata-se de um estudo clínico de intervenção, desenvolvido nas Clínicas Integradas Guairacá, com 12 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, com média de idade de 49,2 ± 6,6 anos, que apresentaram dor lombar inespecífica. Foram incluídos no estudo indivíduos que conseguissem realizar os exercícios de estabilização segmentar do core. Para quantificar a dor da coluna lombar, utilizou-se a Escala Visual Analógica da Dor (EVAD) e para avaliação da função lombar foi aplicado o Índice Funcional de Oswestry (IFO). Para a análise estatística, utilizou-se o software BioEstat 5.3. Para testar a normalidade dos dados, foi utilizado o teste de d'Agostino e para testar a significância dos resultados, utilizou-se o teste T-Student, com significância de p ? 0,05. Na comparação pré e pós-intervenção dos valores do IFO, observou-se uma redução estatisticamente significante p = 0,0012. Na comparação pré e pós-intervenção dos valores EVAD observou-se uma redução estatisticamente significante p = 0,0001. Contudo, o presente trabalho demonstra que a aplicação dos exercícios de estabilização lombar core apresenta-se efetiva na melhora da dor e da função lombar. (AU)

Currently low back pain is described as a limit pain that results in functional disability. Among the techniques of therapeutic therapy, the segmental strengthening of the "core" is highlighted. The aim of the present study is to analyze the effect of core strengthening on pain and lumbar spine function. The present study is a clinical intervention study, developed in the Guairacá Integrated Clinics, with 12 individuals, of the both sexes, mean age 49.2 ± 6.6 years, with nonspecific low back pain. There are also included in the study individuals that were able to perform segmental stabilization exercises of the core. To quantify the pain of the lumbar spine, the Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS) was used to quantify the pain of lumbar spine, and for evaluation of the lumbar function was applied the Oswestry Functional Index (OFI). For statistical analysis we used the software BioEstat 5.3. To test the normality of data was used the D'Agostino Test, and to test the significance of the results the Student's T-test was applied, with significance of p ? 0.05. By comparing the test before and after intervention of OFI values, a statistically significant reduction was observed (p = 0.0012). Before and after intervention of VAS values, a statistically significant reduction was observed (p = 0.0001). However, the present study shows that the lumbar stabilization exercises core are effective in the improvement of pain and lumbar function. (AU)